Psychomotor Domain (P)
The psychomotor domain focuses on performing sequences of motor activities to a specified level of accuracy, smoothness, rapidity, or force. Underlying the motor activity is cognitive understanding, which can be linked to Bloom's Taxonomy.
| Code and Level | Example of Keywords |
|---|---|
|
P1 Perception
Awareness. The ability to use sensory cues to guide motor activity. This ranges from sensory stimulation, through cue selection, to translation. |
Choose, describe, detect, differentiate, distinguish, identify, isolate, relate, select. |
|
P2 Set
Readiness to act. It includes mental, physical, and emotional sets. These three sets are dispositions that predetermine a person's response to different situations (sometimes called mindsets). For example: Readiness to execute tasks (early planning and strategies). |
Begin, display, explain, move, proceed, react, show, state, volunteering. |
|
P3 Guided Response
The early stages in learning a complex skill include imitation and trial and error. Adequacy of performance is achieved by practicing. For example: Ability to execute tasks (appropriate use of tools/ apparatus/instrument/ steps as per instructions or manuals): Ability to work independently (assistance/ supervision). |
Copy, follow, react, reproduce, respond, trace. |
|
P4 Mechanism
The intermediate stage in learning a complex skill. Learned responses have become habitual and the movements can be performed with some confidence and proficiency. For examples: Ability to utilise safety measures (chemical or physical analysis/ safety regulations or instructions or manuals or protocols/ statement of ethics): Ability to produce result / outcome (physical products/physical skills/ tangible or intangible outcomes). |
Assemble, calibrate, construct, dismantle, display, fasten, fix, grind, heat, manipulate, measure, mend, mix, organize, sketch. |
|
P5 Complex Overt Response
The skillful performance of motor acts that involve complex movement patterns. Proficiency is indicated by a quick, accurate, and highly coordinated performance, requiring a minimum of energy. This category includes performing without hesitation, and automatic performance. For example: Ability to complete task efficiently (time/ amount of resources/ high responsiveness/ less manpower/ cost/errors) |
Assemble, build, calibrate, construct, dismantle, display, fasten, fix, manipulate, measure, mend, mix, organize, sketch. |
|
P6 Adaptation
Skills are well developed and the individual can modify movement patterns to fit special requirements. For examples: Ability to respond or react (physical response/idea: Ability to adapt to changes. |
Adapt, alter, change, rearrange, reorganize, revise, vary. |
|
P7 Origination
Creating new movement patterns to fit a particular situation or specific problem. Learning outcomes emphasize creativity based upon highly developed skills. For example: Ability to be innovative and creative in executing tasks. |
Arrange, build, combine, compose, construct, create, design, initiate, originate. |
Sources
- JPT, KPM (2020). Five clusters of Learning Outcome: Quick Reference
- Teaching and Learning Taxonomy, Universiti Putra Malaysia