This course provides an understanding of using biological indicators in ecosystems. This biological indicator is based on the tolerance or existence of an organism in the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem as a first step in detecting environmental changes.
School of Industrial Technology, Building G07, Persiaran Sains, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Tel: +604 653 2219 | Fax: +604-653 6375 | Email: dean_ind@usm.my
