This area of research concentrates on the development and production of cellulose-based materials for advanced applications. Cellulose is a non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible polymeric material. Various modifications can be applied through chemical alteration, mechanical-chemical treatments, and regeneration techniques to expand the application of cellulose by modifying its characteristics such as solubility, hydrophilicity, and thermal and chemical stability. Consequently, advanced cellulose-based materials find applications in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields, thermoelectric sensors, and energy storage devices.